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Euler's identity : ウィキペディア英語版
Euler's identity

In mathematics, Euler's identity,〔Dunham, 1999, (p. xxiv ).〕 and the Euler product formula. | group=n}} (also known as Euler's equation) is the equality
:e^ + 1 = 0
where
: is Euler's number, the base of natural logarithms,
: is the imaginary unit, which satisfies 2 = −1, and
: is pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. It is considered an example of mathematical beauty.
== Explanation ==

Euler's identity is a special case of Euler's formula from complex analysis, which states that for any real number ,
: e^ = \cos x + i\sin x
where the inputs of the trigonometric functions ''sine'' and ''cosine'' are given in ''radians''.
In particular, when  = ', or one half-turn (180°) around a circle:
: e^ = \cos \pi + i\sin \pi.
Since
:\cos \pi = -1 \, \!
and
:\sin \pi = 0,
it follows that
: e^ = -1 + 0 i,
which yields Euler's identity:
: e^ +1 = 0.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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